Gold retreated toward $4430 an ounce in Asia electronic trading on Thursday as investors anticipated pivotal US inflation data that may influence the Federal Reserve’s forthcoming policy stance. The August PPI report is scheduled for release later today, followed by CPI on Friday, with markets assigning approximately a 60% probability of a Fed rate increase at the September 15–16 meeting. A depreciating dollar and safe-haven interest lent some resilience, although elevated oil prices proximate to $100 per barrel and ascending bond yields exerted persistent pressure on the non-interest-bearing metal. Concurrent US-Iran geopolitical tensions provided supplementary hedging demand but proved insufficient to counter the prevailing macroeconomic headwinds. MCX October gold futures remained largely unchanged at Rs 153732 per 10 grams.